Abstract Muscimol injection in the nucleus raphe dorsalis caused intense eating by rats with access to food. A dose-related reduction of muscimol's effect was found after bilateral injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens (dose range 2.2–8.8 μg in 2 μl) but no effect was observed when an even higher dose (17.6 μg) of 5-HT was injected in the caudate putamen. Eating by food-deprived rats was not changed by any dose of 5-HT injected either into the nucleus accumbens or the caudate putamen. (+)-Norfenfluramine, 20 μg, injected in the nucleus accumbens also reduced muscimol-induced eating but had no effect on the food intake of starved rats. The results suggest an important role of 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens in the control of certain types of hyperphagia in rats.