The residue levels of fludioxonil (FLU) were determined in Coscia pear following a 1-, 2- or 4-min dip in an aqueous mixture of FLU containing 300 or 100 mg l( -1 ) (active ingredient, a.i.) at 20 and 50 degrees C, respectively, with or without 2% soy lecithin. The efficacy of heat treatment with water and FLU mixtures was investigated on artificially inoculated pears for the control of post-harvest decay caused by blue ( Penicillium expansum Link) and grey ( Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) mould. Treatment with 300 mg l( -1 ) FLU at 20 degrees C increased residues significantly when treatment time rose from 1 to 2 min; no further increase was recorded when dip time raised from 2 to 4 min. FLU residue rates were unaffected by treatment time when 300 mg l( -1 ) a.i. was applied in combination with lecithin at 20 degrees C. While treatment with 100 mg l( -1 ) a.i. at 50 degrees C for 1 and 2 min resulted in similar residue levels, significantly higher residues were detected when dip time increased from 1 to 4 min. Co-application of lecithin significantly decreased FLU residues with respect to fruit treated with FLU alone. Treatments with FLU at 20 or 50 degrees C effectively controlled decay over 10 days of incubation. While co-application of lecithin did not affect the efficacy of FLU at 300 mg l( -1 )and 20 degrees C, treatment efficacy decreased when lecithin was applied in combination with 100 mg l( -1 ) FLU and 50 degrees C for 4 min and to a greater extent when dip time was 1-2 min.