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Mary Ann Liebert, BioResearch Open Access, 6(3), p. 311-326, 2014

DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0045

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Optimized Generation of Functional Neutrophils and Macrophages from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells:Ex VivoModels of X<sup>0</sup>-Linked, AR22<sup>0</sup>- and AR47<sup>0</sup>- Chronic Granulomatous Diseases

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited orphan disorder caused by mutations in one of the five genes encoding reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate oxidase subunits, which subsequently lead to impairment in the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to offer several cell line models of CGD and therefore support research on pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches, we optimized protocols to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from wild-type, X 0 -, AR22 0 -and AR47 0 -CGD patient's fibroblasts into neutrophils and into macrophages. Aberrant genetic clones were dis-carded after chromosome karyotyping and array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis. All remaining iPSC lines showed human embryonic stem cell–like morphology, expressed all tested pluripotency markers and formed embryoid bodies that contained cells originating from all three primary germ layers. Furthermore, each CGD patient-specific iPSC line retained the gp91 phox , p47 phox , and p22 phox mutations found in the corre-sponding patient's neutrophils. The average production of CD34 + progenitors was of 1.5 · 10 6 cells after 10 days of differentiation of 10 · 10 6 iPSCs. They were terminally differentiated into about 3 · 10 5 neutrophils or into 3 · 10 7 macrophages. Based on morphological, phenotypical, and functional criteria both phagocyte types were mature and indistinguishable from the native human neutrophils and macrophages. However, neutrophils and macrophages derived from X 0 -, AR22 0 -, and AR47 0 -CGD patient-specific iPSC lines lacked ROS produc-tion and the corresponding mutated proteins. To simplify the phagocytes' production upon request, progenitors can be cryopreserved. In conclusion, we describe a reproducible, simple, and efficient way to generate neutro-phils and macrophages from iPSCs and provide a new cellular model for the AR22 0 -CGD genetic form that has not been described before.