Induction with thymoglobuline, a potent anti-thymocyte polyclonal antibody, has been recently reported to allow minimization of postoperative immunosuppression in organ transplantation. The relationship with recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation (LTx) has never been investigated.We report here on the outcome in 22 HCV + patients receiving thymoglobuline pre-treatment and minimal immunosuppression after LTx.Patient survival and acute rejection rates were good, and remarkably low dosages and levels of immunosuppression were achieved with thymoglobuline, without exposing patients to an elevated risk of rejection. A progressive weaning of the primary immunosuppressor was also possible in the majority of patients without complications.The HCV recurrence rate was similar to what is reported in the literature, although lower HCV-RNA viral loads were obtained with thymoglobuline, with a mild histologic course.Although our results need to be validated in large cohort studies, our experience shows that minimization of immunosuppression with thymoglobuline is effective in protecting against rejection and demonstrated a positive impact on HCV recurrence that deserves further investigation. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005.