The main andrological areas of interest, male reproductive and - more recently sexual dysfunctions are most appropriately viewed as symptoms of the couple with medical, psychological and behavioural components that cannot be treated in a mechanical, purely medicinal manner (sexual medicine). The patient and his sexual partner must be active participants in a full continuum of care (medical sexology), the new challenge for the renewed and enriched field of andrology. In this field, the cooperation between basic researchers (such as geneticists, neurophysiologists, pharmacologists, ethologists) and a wide group of clinicians (such as endocrinologists, psychologists and psycho-sexologlsts, psychiatrists, urologists and gynaecologists) is of paramount importance for the andrologist at the dawn of the new field of medical sexology, which will be full of scientific gratification in the years to come.