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National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 26(106), p. 10593-10597, 2009

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809921106

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National differences in gender–science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement

Journal article published in 2009 by Brian A. Nosek, Frederick L. Smyth, Natarajan Sriram, Nicole M. Lindner, Thierry Devos, Alfonso Ayala, Yoav Bar-Anan, Robin Bergh, Huajian Cai, Karen Gonsalkorale, Selin Kesebir, Norbert Maliszewski, Félix Fernando Monteiro Neto, Eero Olli, Jaihyun Park and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

About 70% of more than half a million Implicit Association Tests completed by citizens of 34 countries revealed expected implicit stereotypes associating science with males more than with females. We discovered that nation-level implicit stereotypes predicted nation-level sex differences in 8th-grade science and mathematics achievement. Self-reported stereotypes did not provide additional predictive validity of the achievement gap. We suggest that implicit stereotypes and sex differences in science participation and performance are mutually reinforcing, contributing to the persistent gender gap in science engagement. ; Psychology