Published in

SAGE Publications, European Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 6(10), p. 921-929, 2004

DOI: 10.1255/ejms.701

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Li+ vs Cu+ association to toluene, phenylsilane and phenylgermane. Conventional vs non-conventional π-complexes

Journal article published in 2004 by Inés Corral ORCID, Otilia Mó ORCID, Manuel Yáñez ORCID
Distributing this paper is prohibited by the publisher
Distributing this paper is prohibited by the publisher

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Abstract

The complexes between Li+ and Cu+ with toluene, phenylsilane and phenylgermane were investigated through the use of high-level density functional theory (DFT) methods. Both harmonic vibrational frequencies and optimized geometries were obtained at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p) levels of theory. Cu+ interactions have a non-negligible covalent character, which clearly differentiate them from Li+ interactions. As a consequence, the topology of the potential energy surfaces (PES) is richer for Cu+ than for Li+ complexes and Cu+ binding energies are 1.4 times higher than Li+ binding energies. For Li+, only conventional π-complexes should be expected in the gas-phase, while for Cu+, other complexes, in which the metal cation interacts specifically with only one pair of carbon atoms of the aromatic ring, are found to be as stable as the conventional π-complexes. Furthermore, for the particular cases of phenylsilane and phenylgermane, the global minima of the PES correspond to a non-conventional complex in which the metal ion interacts with the ortho carbon of the aromatic ring and with one of the hydrogen atoms of the XH3 (X=Si, Ge) substituent group, through a typical agostic-type interaction. This specific interaction is followed by a large activation of the corresponding X–H bond, whose stretching frequency is significantly shifted to the red. Accordingly, the predicted infrared spectra for these non-conventional complexes markedly differ from those of the conventional π-complexes. Toluene is more basic than phenylsilane and phenylgermane when the reference acid is Li+, whereas the basicity of phenylgermane towards Cu+ metal cations is slightly higher than those of phenylsilane and toluene.