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Taylor and Francis Group, International Geology Review, 14(58), p. 1795-1817, 2015

DOI: 10.1080/00206814.2015.1046956

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Dynamic simulation of catastrophic late Pleistocene glacial-lake drainage, Altai Mountains, central Asia

Journal article published in 2015 by Patricio Bohorquez ORCID, Paul A. Carling, J. Herget
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Numerical simulations of the catastrophic draining of Pleistocene glacial-lake Kuray–Chuja quantify the discharge history of the draining event in detail. The plan-view basin flows are modelled as water emptied due to the instantaneous failure of the impounding ice-dam when the lake was at maximum capacity. The Chuja Basin water exited as a jet-flow into the Kuray Basin via a narrow conjoining valley. The peak discharge from the Chuja Basin is determined to be 1.20 × 107 m3 s−1, and the peak discharge (3.19 × 107 m3 s−1 > Q ≤ 2.0 × 107 m3 s−1) that flowed from the Kuray Basin at the failed impoundment is also calculated for two limiting conditions. The variations in lake volume and depth indicate complete drainage within 50 h. In both basins, fields of relict gravel bedforms reflect sediment transport due to entrained lake-bed sediments. Thus, in addition to the general overview of drainage, the detailed temporal and spatial evolutions of drainage parameters are reported, including for the locations of the bedform fields. Local flow above the bedforms is considered in relation to thresholds for sediment motion, bedform development, and orientations. Within the simple bathymetry of the Chuja Basin, the flow field was fairly uniform with flow conducive to bedform evolution only occurring close to the exit from the basin, which accords with field evidence. In contrast, within the Kuray Basin, the flow responded sensitively to the complex bathymetry, which included rapid changes in flow direction due to interaction of the Kuray water with the jet-flow from Chuja, and as submerged ridges shoaled. Thus the Kuray flow field was complex but with time-dependent flow conditions in accordance with bedform development. It is concluded that the location of the bedforms can be explained in terms of the flow modelling and suggestions are made as to how future drainage models might be improved.