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Wiley, Clinical Genetics, 5(85), p. 446-451

DOI: 10.1111/cge.12194

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Could a patient with SMC1A duplication be classified as a human cohesinopathy?

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

Los desórdenes causados por mutaciones en los genes codificantes de las subunidades y de las proteínas reguladoras del complejo de cohesinas, son llamados colectivamente cohesinopatías. La más conocida es el Síndrome de Cornelia de Lange (SCdL), la cual es un desorden multisistémico del desarrollo caracterizado por dismorfia facial, malformaciones en las extremidades, alteraciones cognitivas y del crecimiento. Mutaciones en cinco genes, subunidades codificantes del complejo de cohesinas (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) y sus regularadores (NIPBL, HDAC8), son responsables del ~ 70% de los casos de SCdL. Aquí, se describe un varón de 16 años con dismorfia facial, retraso en el crecimiento, discapacidad intelectual, hirsutismo y manos pequeñas, quien tiene un Marcador Cromosómico Supernumerario (small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC)) presente en forma de mosaico. El sSMC está compuesto de dos segmentos duplicados que abarcan 17 genes, incluyendo el gen SMC1A, en las regiones Xp11.22 y Xp11.21q11.1. En este trabajo se realizó una comparación clínica entre nuestro paciente y el previamente reportado con duplicación de SMC1A, además con cuatro varones portadores de sSMC similares, reportados en las bases de datos, sugiriendo que todos ellos comparten rasgos clínicos relacionados con las cohesinopatías. Aunque este paciente no tiene el fenotipo craneofacial clásico del SCdL, presenta retraso del crecimiento pre- y postnatal, discapacidad intelectual y anomalías musculoesqueléticas leves, los cuales son rasgos frecuentemente encontrados en los desordenes de las cohesinas. ; The disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding subunits and accessory proteins of cohesin complex are collectively termed as cohesinopathies. The best known cohesinopathy is Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), which is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, limb malformations, growth and cognitive impairment. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), are responsible for ∼70% of CdLS cases. We describe a 16-year-old boy with facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, intellectual disability, hirsutism and small hands, who has a small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC) present in mosaic form. sSMC is composed of two duplicated segments encompassing 17 genes including SMC1A gene, at the regions Xp11.22 and Xp11.21q11.1. Clinical comparison between our patient with a previously reported individual with a SMC1A duplication and four male carriers of similar sSMC reported in databases, suggest that they all share clinical features related to cohesinopathies. Although our patient does not have the classical CdLS craniofacial phenotype, he has pre and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual disability and mild musculoskeletal anomalies, features commonly seen in patients with cohesinopathies.