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American Institute of Physics, Applied Physics Letters, 21(86), p. 211503

DOI: 10.1063/1.1937994

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Cathodic Arcs: Fractal Voltage and Cohesive Energy Rule

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This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

The noise of the burning voltage of cathodic arcs in vacuum was analyzed for a range of cathode materials (C, Mg, Ti, V, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Bi, and Si). Cathodic arcs were generated in a coaxial plasma source, and the voltage noise was measured with a broadband measuring system. Each measurement was analyzed by fast Fourier transform, revealing a power spectrum ∼ 1/f2 for all cathode materials over several orders of magnitude of frequency f (brown noise). The absence of any characteristic time down to possible cutoffs at high frequencies supports a fractal model of cathode spots. The amplitude of colored noise scaled approximately linearly with the cathode’s cohesive energy, which is another manifestation of the cohesive energy rule.