After the successful measurements of many ground based, balloon-borne and satellite experiments, which started the era of "Precision Cosmology", Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations are now focusing on two targets: the precision measurement of B-modes in the polarization field, and the measurement of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in distant clusters of galaxies. Polarization measurements represent the best way to probe the very early universe, and the energy scale of inflation. Fine-scale anisotropy measurements, possibly with spectral capabilities, can provide important information on (lark matter and dark energy. Here we describe original approaches to these measurements.