The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge

Williamson, Elizabeth E.; Schipper, Jan; Chanson, Janice S.; Chiozza, Federica; Cox, Neil A.; Hoffmann, Michael; Katariya, Vineet; Lamoreux, John; Rodrigues A., Sl; Rodrigues, Ana S. L.; Stuart, Simon N.; Temple, Helen J.; Baillie, Jonathan; Boitani, Luigi; Lacher, Jr Thomas E.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Smith, Andrew T.; Absolon, Daniel; Aguiar, John M.; Amori, Giovanni; Bakkour, Noura; Baldi, Ricardo; Berridge, Richard J.; Bielby, Jon; Black, Patricia Ann; Blanc, Jj Julian; Brooks, Thomas M.; Burton, James A.; Butynski, Thomas M.; Catullo, Gianluca; Chapman, Roselle; Cokeliss, Zoe; Collen, Ben; Conroy, Jim; da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.; Julian Blanc, J.; Cooke, Justin G.; Derocher, Andrew E.; Dublin, Holly T.; Duckworth, Jw W.; Emmons, Louise H.; Da Fonseca, G. A. B.; Emslie, Richard H.; Festa-Bianchet, Marco; Foster, Matt; Foster, Sabrina; Garshelis, David L.; Gates, Cormack; Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano; Gonzalez, Susana; Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando; Good, Tatjana C.; Hammerson, Geoffrey; Hammond, Philip S.; Happold, David; Happold, Meredith; Hare, John; Harris, Richard B.; Hawkins, Clare E.; Haywood, Mandy; Heaney, Lawrence R.; Hedges, Simon; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Hussain, Syed Ainul; Ishii, Nobuo; Jefferson, Thomas A.; Jenkins, Richard K. B.; Johnston, Charlotte H.; Keith, Mark; Kingdon, Jonathan; Knox, David H.; Kovacs, Kit M.; Langhammer, Penny; Leus, Kristin; Lewison, Rebecca; Lichtenstein, Gabriela; Lowry, Lloyd F.; Macavoy, Zoe; Mace, Georgina M.; Mallon, David P.; Masi, Monica; McKnight, Meghan W.; MedelliÌn, Rodrigo A.; Medellin, Rodrigo A.; Medici, Patricia; Mills, Gus; Moehlman, Patricia D.; Molur, Sanjay; Mora, Arturo; Nowell, Kristin; Oates, John F.; Olech, Wanda; Oliver, William R. L.; Oprea, Monik; Patterson, Bruce D.; Perrin, William F.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Pollock, Caroline; Powel, Abigail; Protas, Yelizaveta; Racey, Paul; Ragle, Jim; Ramani, Pavithra; Rathbun, Galen; Reeves, Randall Rr; Reilly, Stephen B.; Reynolds, John E.; Rondinini, Carlo; Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace; Rulli, Monica; Rylands, Anthony B.; Savini, Simona; Schank, Cody J.; Sechrest, Wes; Self-Sullivan, Caryn; Shoemaker, Alan; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; De Silva, Naamal; Van Strien, N.; Smith, David E.; Srinivasulu, Chelmala; Stephenson, Peter J.; van Strien, Nico; Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar; Taylor, Barbara L.; Timmins, Rob; Tirira, Diego G.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.; Tsytsulina, Katerina; Veiga, Liza M.; Vie, Jean-Christophe; VieÌ, Jean-Christophe; Williamson, Elizabeth A.; Wyatt, Sarah A.; Xie, Yan; Young, Bruce E.; Jean-Christophe,

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Williamson et al., 2008

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@article{Williamson2008,
  abstract = {Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.},
  author = {Williamson, Elizabeth E. and Schipper, Jan and Chanson, Janice S. and Chiozza, Federica and Cox, Neil A. and Hoffmann, Michael and Katariya, Vineet and Lamoreux, John and Rodrigues A., Sl and Rodrigues, Ana S. L. and Stuart, Simon N. and Temple, Helen J. and Baillie, Jonathan and Boitani, Luigi and Lacher, Jr Thomas E. and Mittermeier, Russell A. and Smith, Andrew T. and Absolon, Daniel and Aguiar, John M. and Amori, Giovanni and Bakkour, Noura and Baldi, Ricardo and Berridge, Richard J. and Bielby, Jon and Black, Patricia Ann and Blanc, Jj Julian and Brooks, Thomas M. and Burton, James A. and Butynski, Thomas M. and Catullo, Gianluca and Chapman, Roselle and Cokeliss, Zoe and Collen, Ben and Conroy, Jim and da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. and Julian Blanc, J. and Cooke, Justin G. and Derocher, Andrew E. and Dublin, Holly T. and Duckworth, Jw W. and Emmons, Louise H. and Da Fonseca, G. A. B. and Emslie, Richard H. and Festa-Bianchet, Marco and Foster, Matt and Foster, Sabrina and Garshelis, David L. and Gates, Cormack and Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano and Gonzalez, Susana and Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando and Good, Tatjana C. and Hammerson, Geoffrey and Hammond, Philip S. and Happold, David and Happold, Meredith and Hare, John and Harris, Richard B. and Hawkins, Clare E. and Haywood, Mandy and Heaney, Lawrence R. and Hedges, Simon and Helgen, Kristofer M. and Hilton-Taylor, Craig and Hussain, Syed Ainul and Ishii, Nobuo and Jefferson, Thomas A. and Jenkins, Richard K. B. and Johnston, Charlotte H. and Keith, Mark and Kingdon, Jonathan and Knox, David H. and Kovacs, Kit M. and Langhammer, Penny and Leus, Kristin and Lewison, Rebecca and Lichtenstein, Gabriela and Lowry, Lloyd F. and Macavoy, Zoe and Mace, Georgina M. and Mallon, David P. and Masi, Monica and McKnight, Meghan W. and MedelliÌn, Rodrigo A. and Medellin, Rodrigo A. and Medici, Patricia and Mills, Gus and Moehlman, Patricia D. and Molur, Sanjay and Mora, Arturo and Nowell, Kristin and Oates, John F. and Olech, Wanda and Oliver, William R. L. and Oprea, Monik and Patterson, Bruce D. and Perrin, William F. and Polidoro, Beth A. and Pollock, Caroline and Powel, Abigail and Protas, Yelizaveta and Racey, Paul and Ragle, Jim and Ramani, Pavithra and Rathbun, Galen and Reeves, Randall Rr and Reilly, Stephen B. and Reynolds, John E. and Rondinini, Carlo and Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace and Rulli, Monica and Rylands, Anthony B. and Savini, Simona and Schank, Cody J. and Sechrest, Wes and Self-Sullivan, Caryn and Shoemaker, Alan and Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio and De Silva, Naamal and Van Strien, N. and Smith, David E. and Srinivasulu, Chelmala and Stephenson, Peter J. and van Strien, Nico and Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar and Taylor, Barbara L. and Timmins, Rob and Tirira, Diego G. and Tognelli, Marcelo F. and Tsytsulina, Katerina and Veiga, Liza M. and Vie, Jean-Christophe and VieÌ, Jean-Christophe and Williamson, Elizabeth A. and Wyatt, Sarah A. and Xie, Yan and Young, Bruce E. and Jean-Christophe, },
  doi = {10.1126/science.1165115},
  month = {jan},
  title = {The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elizabeth_Williamson2/publication/23310058_The_Status_of_the_World%27s_Land_and_Marine_Mammals_Diversity_Threat_and_Knowledge/links/5419f5300cf203f155ae167d.pdf},
  year = {2008}
}

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The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge

Journal article published in 2008 by Elizabeth E. Williamson, Jan Schipper, Janice S. Chanson, Federica Chiozza, Neil A. Cox, Michael Hoffmann

, Vineet Katariya, John Lamoreux, Sl Rodrigues A., Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Simon N. Stuart, Helen J. Temple, Jonathan Baillie, Luigi Boitani, Jr Thomas E. Lacher and other authors. Elizabeth E. Williamson, Jan Schipper, Janice S. Chanson, Federica Chiozza, Neil A. Cox, Michael Hoffmann

, Vineet Katariya, John Lamoreux, Sl Rodrigues A., Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Simon N. Stuart, Helen J. Temple, Jonathan Baillie, Luigi Boitani, Jr Thomas E. Lacher, Russell A. Mittermeier, Andrew T. Smith, Daniel Absolon, John M. Aguiar, Giovanni Amori, Noura Bakkour, Ricardo Baldi, Richard J. Berridge, Jon Bielby, Patricia Ann Black, Jj Julian Blanc, Thomas M. Brooks, James A. Burton, Thomas M. Butynski, Gianluca Catullo, Roselle Chapman, Zoe Cokeliss, Ben Collen, Jim Conroy, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, J. Julian Blanc, Justin G. Cooke, Andrew E. Derocher, Holly T. Dublin, Jw W. Duckworth, Louise H. Emmons, G. A. B. Da Fonseca, Richard H. Emslie, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Matt Foster, Sabrina Foster, David L. Garshelis, Cormack Gates, Mariano Gimenez-Dixon, Susana Gonzalez, Jose Fernando Gonzalez-Maya

, Tatjana C. Good, Geoffrey Hammerson, Philip S. Hammond, David Happold, Meredith Happold, John Hare, Richard B. Harris, Clare E. Hawkins, Mandy Haywood, Lawrence R. Heaney, Simon Hedges, Kristofer M. Helgen, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Syed Ainul Hussain, Nobuo Ishii, Thomas A. Jefferson, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Charlotte H. Johnston, Mark Keith, Jonathan Kingdon, David H. Knox, Kit M. Kovacs, Penny Langhammer, Kristin Leus, Rebecca Lewison, Gabriela Lichtenstein

, Lloyd F. Lowry, Zoe Macavoy, Georgina M. Mace, David P. Mallon, Monica Masi, Meghan W. McKnight, Rodrigo A. MedelliÌn, Rodrigo A. Medellin, Patricia Medici, Gus Mills, Patricia D. Moehlman, Sanjay Molur

, Arturo Mora, Kristin Nowell, John F. Oates, Wanda Olech, William R. L. Oliver, Monik Oprea, Bruce D. Patterson, William F. Perrin, Beth A. Polidoro, Caroline Pollock, Abigail Powel, Yelizaveta Protas, Paul Racey, Jim Ragle, Pavithra Ramani, Galen Rathbun, Randall Rr Reeves, Stephen B. Reilly, John E. Reynolds, Carlo Rondinini

, Ruth Grace Rosell-Ambal, Monica Rulli, Anthony B. Rylands, Simona Savini, Cody J. Schank, Wes Sechrest, Caryn Self-Sullivan, Alan Shoemaker, Claudio Sillero-Zubiri, Naamal De Silva, N. Van Strien, David E. Smith, Chelmala Srinivasulu, Peter J. Stephenson, Nico van Strien, Bibhab Kumar Talukdar, Barbara L. Taylor, Rob Timmins, Diego G. Tirira, Marcelo F. Tognelli

, Katerina Tsytsulina, Liza M. Veiga, Jean-Christophe Vie, Jean-Christophe VieÌ, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Sarah A. Wyatt, Yan Xie, Bruce E. Young, Jean-Christophe

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Abstract

Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.

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The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge

Abstract