在不同的經濟制度當中，金融體系扮 演著不同的角色。當社會主義經濟制度從 統制經濟向市場經濟轉型時，金融體系必 然隨之而變，以順應轉型的要求。因此社 會主義國家的金融改革必須從整體經濟改 革的角度來觀察和理解。金融改革不但受 到總體經濟改革的牽動，它又對於總體經 濟產生了特定的影響，因此對於整個改革 的進程產生了一定的作用。本研究的對象 是中國大陸的金融改革，時間是從1970 年 代末開始，到1990 年代末為止，共有二十 年。本研究採取了政治經濟學的研究框 架，試圖從中國大陸政治環境的變動開 始，經由經濟改革的總體設計，解釋中國 大陸的金融體系如何產生變動。並以金融 改革和其他經濟改革所造成的影響來推論 解釋經改的進程，也就是上一波的經改如 何帶來下一波經改的動因。整個的金融改 革可以分為三個階段。從1979 年到1983 年為第一個階段，在這段時間經濟改革（主 要集中在農村）還沒有帶來相對應的金融 改革，在金融體系內所看到的是中國人民 銀行從財政部脫離，直屬於國務院，和一 些國有專業銀行的恢復。第二個階段是從 1983 年到1993 年，這是中共推動市場社會 主義經濟改革的十年。在這十年當中，一 個兩階的銀行體系(two-tier banking system) 逐漸成形，但是人民銀行基本上是履行著 支援經濟的功能，沒有採取以穩定金融為 主要政策目標的貨幣政策。在此一階段當 中國有商業銀行的體系逐漸成形，可以說 銀行界產生了市場化(marketization)、但是 還沒有私有化(privatization)的改革。有鑑於 以促進經濟成長為任務的金融體系會帶來 週期性的嚴重通貨膨脹，和社會以及政治 的騷亂，因此到了第三個階段（1993 年到 1999 年），由當時的副總理朱鎔基領軍， 中共開始努力強化人民銀行穩定通貨的角 色，並且在1995 年所通過的人民銀行法當 中，強調要對於人民銀行給予獨立於中央 各部會和地方政府的權力。在廿世紀末， 中國大陸的金融體系已經走向了西方式的 兩階（中央銀行－商業銀行）模式，並且 在商業銀行的部份引進了市場機制，同時 允許多種所有制的存在。雖然如此，中共 對於銀行體系的掌控依然十分緊密，因此 人民銀行其實並沒有對於國務院和中共中 央的獨立性可言。總體而言，在經改的廿 年中，大陸金融體系的改革是鑲嵌在總體 經濟改革和中共的高層派系政治的系絡當 中。它反映了每一個階段中國大陸政治和 經濟的總體狀況，又對於這個政經狀況帶 來巨大的影響。 ; Financial institutions play different roles in different economic systems. When a socialist economy is making a transition to a market economy, its financial system is changing correspondingly. This means the only way to understand the financial reform of a transitional economy is through the prism of the overall economic reform. Financial reform not only reflects the overall politico-economic environment, it also feeds back on it. This research concentrates on the financial reform in the Chinese mainland from the late 1970’s to the late 1990’s, a twenty years’ span. A politico-economic approach is taken here. We start from the changing political environment in mainland China, through the overall economic reform, to an understanding of the particular mode of financial reform which is an integral part of the mainland’s economic restructuring. We also perceive the initiation of the following stage of economic and financial reform in light of the impact of the current stage of economic and financial reform. Specifically, we divide the two decades of reform into three periods. The first period is from 1979 to 1983 when the agricultural reform that dominated the reform agenda of the time failed to bring about a corresponding financial reform. In the financial sector, one saw the emergence of the People’s Bank from under the Financial Ministry to a ministerial-level body directly responsible to the State Council, and the restoration and launching of specialized state banks. The second period is from 1983 to 1993 when the overall economic reform concentrated on introducing market to a predominantly public economy. During this decade, a Western-style two-tier banking system was installed, but the People’s Bank kept as its primary goal financing growth of the economy. Stability was not deemed the paramount goal of the monetary policy, as is the case in the West. A state commercial banking system gradually took shape, bringing about marketization, but not privatization of the financial system. In view of the rampant inflation and the resultant social and political disturbances during this decade, the third period began with the then Deputy Premier Zhu Rongji heading the People’s Bank and enshrining stability as its paramount goal. In the Central Bank Law issued in 1995, emphasis was made on the People’s Bank’s independence of other ministries and local governments. Towards the end of the 20th century, the financial system in the Chinese mainland has progressed towards a Western style, two-tier model. Market has become the dominant allocator in the commercial banking sector, and the co-existence of public and private banks has become a significant phenomenon. With that, however, the party-state’s grip on the banking system remains tight, and the People’s Bank can claim no independence of the State Council or the Communist Party. In sum, during the past two decades the PRC’s financial reform has always been embedded in the mainland’s overall economic reform and the CCP’s high-level factional politics. The financial reform reflects the general political and economic environment of the country and then impacts on that environment. ; 核定金額：491,800元 ; 政治學系 ; 社會科學院 ; 研究計畫