自從杜瓦傑(Maurice Duverger)提出 「半總統制」的概念之後，學界對於政治 制度的研究便和各國政治發展的實際狀況 更加緊密的結合在一起。本研究運用半總 統制的概念，將俄羅斯聯邦、東歐國家（以 波蘭為例）、和台灣的憲政制度與制度表 現加以比較，發現在半總統制的結構之 下，政治穩定繫於三個因素：總統權力、 府會一制性、和政黨體系。總統權力越大、 府會越缺乏一致性、和有效政黨數目越 多，則政治穩定越低。總統權力越小、府 會一致性越高、和政黨體系是容易產生清 楚多數的兩黨制，則政治穩定性越高。台 灣的半總統制是總統權力大、府會一致、 和兩黨制。波蘭是總統權力小、府會不一 致、和多黨制。俄羅斯聯邦是總統權力大、 府會不一致、和多黨制。三個政治體系的 穩定度表現是台灣優於波蘭、而波蘭優於 俄羅斯。 ; The academic study of political institutions made great progress with the development of the concept of “semipresidentialism” coined by Maurice Duverger. This study applies this concept to a comparison between the constitutional frameworks and system performances of the Russian Federation, Poland, and the Republic of China on Taiwan. It is found that political stability in a semi-presidential system hinges on three crucial factors: presidential power, president-parliament congruence, and party system. Strong president, incongruent president-parliament relation, and multi-party system is a recipe of political instability. Weak president (i.e. strong prime minister), congruent president-parliament relation, and bi-party system (prone to clear parliamentary majority) is conducive to political stability. In the ROC, there is strong president, congruent president-parliament relation, and bi-party system. In Poland, there is weak president, incongruent president-parliament relation,and multi-party system. In the Russian Federation, there is strong president, incongruent president-parliament relation, and multi-party system. As a result, Taiwan enjoys the highest degree of political stability among the three, followed by Poland. Russia suffers from great political turbulence as a result of its institutional design. ; 核定金額：307,400元 ; 政治學系 ; 社會科學院 ; 研究計畫