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CSIRO Publishing, Australian Journal of Chemistry, 12(68), p. 1854, 2015

DOI: 10.1071/ch15504

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Steric and Electronic Effects in the Synthesis and Regioselective Hydrolysis of Unsymmetrical Imides

Journal article published in 2015 by Jing Shang, Aysa Pourvali, James R. Cochrane, Craig A. Hutton ORCID
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

The AgI-promoted coupling reaction of thioamides and carboxylic acids is shown to be a useful method for the generation of unsymmetrical imides. The reaction proceeds efficiently with unhindered and electron-rich or neutral coupling partners, but not with hindered thioamides (such as thiopivalamides) or electron deficient thioamides (such as trifluorothioacetamides). Intriguingly, thioformamides are also ineffective coupling partners, despite having minimal steric or electronic influence. Hindered carboxylic acid coupling partners (such as pivalic acid) are tolerated, but electron deficient acids, such as trifluoroacetic acid, are ineffective coupling partners. Furthermore, an interplay of both steric and electronic effects is observed in the subsequent hydrolysis of unsymmetrical imides. Imides with a dimethoxybenzoyl group give high regioselectivity upon hydrolysis, favouring cleavage of the distal acyl group. Imides with a p-nitrobenzoyl or pivaloyl group give reversed selectivity, favouring cleavage of the proximal acyl group.