Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the intravenous administration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to restore blood cell production in individuals whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or dysfunctional. This approach has been utilized to treat a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders for the past half-century. HSCT is performed in two ways, autologous and allogeneic. In the clinic, the type of stem cell transplant is decided for the patient according to the patient's diagnosis. Both types of transplantation have advantages as well as disadvantages. Knowing and managing the HSCT process well affects the success of the transplant. Knowing the complications that may occur after transplantation will facilitate the treatment process of the patient. In this short review, the HSCT process has been tried to be explained with general titles.