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Springer Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, p. 253-277

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41248-6_14

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Modeling Expressed Emotions in Music using Pairwise Comparisons

Journal article published in 2012 by Jens Madsen ORCID, Jens Brehm Nielsen, Bjørn Sand Jensen, Jan Larsen
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

We introduce a two-alternative forced-choice experimental paradigm to quantify expressed emotions in music using the two well-known arousal and valence (AV) dimensions. In order to produce AV scores from the pairwise comparisons and to visualize the locations of excerpts in the AV space, we introduce a flexible Gaussian process (GP) framework which learns from the pairwise comparisons directly. A novel dataset is used to evaluate the proposed framework and learning curves show that the proposed framework needs relative few comparisons in order to achieve satisfactory performance. This is further supported by visualizing the learned locations of excerpts in the AV space. Finally, by examining the predictive performance of the user-specific models we show the importance of modeling subjects individually due to significant subjective differences.