The synthesis and consolidation in one processing step of single phase tantalum diboride by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is proposed. TaB2 formation from Ta and B elemental powders takes place at about 800 C through a solid-state combustion reaction while product densification requires higher temperatures. Consolidation is significantly improved (similar to 96% density) when increasing the applied pressure from 20 to 60 MPa immediately after the synthesis reaction occurs. Simplicity, short duration, milder temperatures and pressure conditions, in comparison with other routes utilized so far for obtaining bulk TaB2 are, along with the good mechanical properties of the obtained product, the main benefits of the adopted approach. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.