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Association between sports participation, motor competence and body weight status: A longitudinal Study

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Sports participation (SP) is an important avenue for physical activity for children and adolescents and may facilitate a healthy weight status. Competency in fundamental motor skills (MC) and weight status also may be two important correlates of continued SP across childhood as they are both associated with physical activity. This study examined if baseline levels of MC and bodyweight status in early childhood would predict SP after a two-year follow-up. In 2010, structured sport participation of 292 children between 3- and 5-years-old, was evaluated using the ELOS-pré questionnaire (Oliveira et al, 2011). MC levels in locomotor (LOC) and object control skills (OC) were assessed using the standard score of TGMD-2; the children were classified as having high (LOC: 12–17; OC: 11–16), moderate (LOC: 10–11; OC: 9–10) or low (LOC: 5–9; OC: 3–8) levels of MC. Height and body mass were measured to calculate BMI (kg/m²), classify into weight status (Cole et al., 2000), and were grouped into overweight and normal weight. In 2012, 206 from those 292 children were identified and evaluated for SP. A binary logistic regression assessed the adjusted associations between SP in 2012, which were based on the preliminary measures of SP (2010), MC, and BMI status. In the final model, after adjusting by sex, previous SP in 2010 (OR = 10.00, CI: 3.75 to 26.69) and locomotor MC level (moderate MC: OR = 2.67, CI: 1.12 to 6.39; high MC: OR = 2.70, CI: 1.02 to 7.18) were significantly associated with SP in 2012. OC skills and body weight status did not predict SP after two years. In this sample, children who initially participated in sports and had higher levels of MC in LOC skills continued to participate in sports after an interval of two years. Our data indirectly support, via continued SP, the prediction of Stodden et al. (2008) model hypothesizing the development of MC contributes to a positive spiral of engagement in physical activity. As LOC skills develop earlier than OC skills, these types of skills may be better predictors of sport performance in early childhood.