Other ; Several competent vectors of non-endemic diseases such as Canine Leishmaniasis, Dengue or Chikungunya, and West-Nile virus are now established in the northernmost area of Italian Alps. Although no infected vectors were collected, the risk of infection transmission is present and should not be neglected. The adaptations of the insects at the local ecology are evident and animal/human hosts are introducing the infections. Monitoring activities are essential for preparedness and control.