Our paper aims to replicate the results of a large "Cost of Disorders of the Brain in Europe" study conducted and published in 2011 and 2012 by The European Brain Council. The study estimated the prevalence of a broad spectrum of brain diseases and associated costs in various areas - in health care, social services and production losses. A comprehensive database with data for each of the participating European Union countries was developed and included in the analysis. This paper presents the results concerning the Czech Republic. The prevalence of diseases in each country was estimated from the data obtained by searching bibliography and large medical databases (Medline and Web of Science) and the results were then extrapolated to all countries of the European Union. Similar approach was used to estimate the mean costs; the data on the average costs of specific clinical situations in individual countries were subsequently extrapolated to other European Union countries. The study enabled estimation of all costs associated with brain disorders for the entire Europe, individual countries, individual disorders and their sequelae. The results of this study demonstrate that these disorders occur very frequently and affect more than half of the population, that the costs associated with brain disorders are enormous and represent substantial proportion of the Gross Domestic Product (approximately 5%) in Europe and in individual countries and that, so far, these diseases have been overlooked by political and economic authorities of the European Union and individual countries.