This study evaluates the new Aqua MODIS Dark Target (DT) Collection 6 (C6) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) (MYD04_3K) retrieval algorithm at 3 km resolution over Asian countries that have recently experienced severe and increasing air pollution. Retrievals showed generally low accuracy compared with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), with only 55% of retrievals within the expected error (EE). The uncertainty appears mainly due to systematic overestimation at both low and high AOD levels. This is attributed to under-prediction of surface reflectance, similar to, but more severe than, the C6 DT product at 10-km resolution. This is because MYD04_3K observes more noise in the surface reflectance computations, due to retention of some bright pixels in the retrieval window which would be discarded at 10 km. Greatest uncertainty was observed at urban sites, especially those dominated by coarse aerosols. Results suggest that the DT at 3 km is less reliable than MODIS C6 AOD products at 10 km. ; Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics