Figure 1. Overview of ozone–chemistry–climate interactions. Main processes which are discussed further in the text are (a) changes in CH4 lifetime, (b) generation of aerosol, (c) aerosol effects ecosystems through radiation changes, (d) direct effect of ozone on climate warning, (e) indirect effect of phyto-toxic ozone through biomass and stomatal changes, (f) impact of Nr deposition on ecosystem growth, (g) impact of stomatal changes on water budget. BVOC emissions are affected by CO2 increases (h) and biomass changes (i), as well as O3 itself (j), with BVOC affecting ozone chemistry (j). Soil NO emissions (k) also change, in turn being affected by deposition of reactive Nitrogen, Nr (f). Atmospheric chemistry among oxidants such as O3 and OH and various Nr and other precursor species (Q) is loosely indicated and discussed.