Elsevier, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 7(41), p. 4159-4167, 2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.185
Full text: Download
NaAlH4 was melt infiltrated within a CO$_2$ activated carbon aerogel, which had been preloaded with TiCl$_3$. Nanoconfinement was verified by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) and the nature of the Ti was investigated with Anomalous SAXS (ASAXS) and X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) to determine its size and chemical state. The Ti is found to be in a similar state to that found in the bulk Ti-doped NaAlH$_4$ system where it exists as Al$_{1−x}$Ti$_x$ nanoalloys. Crystalline phases exist within the carbon aerogel pores, which are analysed by in-situ Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXD) during hydrogen cycling. The in-situ data reveals that the hydrogen release from NaAlH$_4$ and its hydrogen uptake occurs through the Na$_3$AlH$_6$ intermediate when confined at this size scale. The hydrogen capacity from the nanoconfined NaAlH$_4$ is found to initially be much higher in this CO$_2$ activated aerogel compared with previous studies into unactivated aerogels.