The first results of a big Russian multicenter study " RELIF - Regular treatment and prevention - the key of improvement of the situation with cardiovascular diseases in Russia " are presented. The study examines the accordance of arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease (CHD) treatment recommended by physicians to contemporary standards. Patients adherence to physicians recommendations is also studied. 512 general practitioners and 2517 patients with AH and CHD from 20 cities of Russia were included. In the present article the current situation with medical treatment of AH, isolated or in comorbidity with CHD is presented.