AbstractAnemia is a common cause of co-morbidity in children with cancer. We reviewed a series of 124 children with non-metastatic cancer to assess the relationship between chemotherapy intensity, severe anemia, and frequency of transfusion. In more than 60% of children who received intensive chemotherapy, transfusions were prescribed compared to 38% and 21% of children treated with standard and mild chemotherapy, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that the intensity and duration of chemotherapy constitute important factors in determining the onset of anemia.