Stingrays from the Potamotrygon cf. henlei species are widely distributed in high numbers throughout the rivers of central-west Brazil, being the source of numerous envenomations occurring in the dry season, posing a serious public health problem even if not properly reported. The accidents usually involve fishermen and bathers, and to date there is no effective treatment for the injured. Considering these facts and limitations of studies aiming at understanding the effects induced by P. cf. henlei envenoming, this study aimed to describe the principal pharmacological and certain biochemical properties of the mucus and sting venom. We found that mucus and sting venom is toxic to mice having nociceptive, edematogenic and proteolysis activities. Our results also indicate that the inflammatory cellular influx observed could be triggered by the venom and mucus. Furthermore the venom and mucus were partially purified by solid-phase extraction tested for antimicrobial activity in which only the mucus presented activity. It could be inferred from the present study that P. cf. henlei venom possesses a diverse mixture of peptides, enzymes and pharmacologically active components.Research Highlights► Potamotrygon cf. henlei Stingrays species are source of numerous envenomations. ► This study described the pharmacological and biochemical properties of the mucus and sting venom. ► The mucus and sting venom is toxic to mice having nociceptive, edematogenic and proteolysis activity. ► An inflammatory cellular influx observed could be triggered by the venom and mucus. ► Also we detect the presence of antimicrobial activity only for mucus.