The Plio-Pleistocene fossiliferous mammal sites of the Upper Valdarno Basin (Tuscany, Italy) have been known since Renaissance times. Several mammal collections from there are housed at various Museums and Institutes. Various scientists or “fossil-hunters” collected all this material from Upper Valdarno over a long period of time up to the present days. We present here an overview of the history of these collections, as well as information on biochronology, taxonomy and palaeoecology on a selection of vertebrate taxa.