Dysarthria is a common form of speech impairment, affecting 20–50% of stroke patients and 10–60% of traumatic brain injury patients (Sellars, Hughes, & Langhorne, 2002). Very little research has been conducted on the effect of treatments for dysarthria and even less has been reported on rehabilitative music therapy interventions. In the current climate of evidence-based practice (Ed-wards, 2002) the music therapy profession needs to develop and rigorously test interventions designed to address specific disorders such as dysarthria. This paper discusses theoretical foundations for the use of singing interventions to treat dysarthria and presents a music therapy dysarthria treatment protocol incorporating vocal and respiratory exercises and therapeutic singing. Publications on the use of music therapy in neurorehabili-tation have increased considerably in recent years. However, a recent review of this literature (Gilbertson, 2004) found mainly descriptions of clinical approaches and treatment practices in neurorehabilitation with little outcome-based evidence for treatment. Limitations reported in this review include inconsistencies or omissions in recording neurodiagnos-tics, applications of other concurrent therapies, assessment tools used, and time elapsed between injury and therapeutic music intervention (Gilbertson, 2004). So far, only a small body of music therapy research exists in the area of communication rehabilitation. Preliminary findings have indicated that music therapy techniques, such as singing and vocal training, can assist in rehabilitation of communication disorders (Adamek, Gervin, & Shiraishi, 2000; Co-hen, 1992); however, further research on particular music therapy interventions to address specific communication disorders is needed. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss a music therapy protocol to treat the various symptoms of acquired dysarthria, including intelligibility, rate of speech, communication efficiency, fluency and naturalness. The findings of case study research assessing the efficacy of this protocol are published elsewhere in greater detail (Tamplin, in press). It is important to understand the neurophysical factors of dysarthria that inform music therapy intervention and influence treat