Published in

American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Research Letters, 14(31), 2004

DOI: 10.1029/2004gl020234

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Broadband calibration of R/V Ewing seismic sources

This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

Full text: Unavailable

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Preprint: archiving allowed
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Postprint: archiving allowed
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Published version: archiving restricted
Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

1] The effects of anthropogenic sound sources on marine mammals are of increasing interest and controversy [e.g., Malakoff, 2001]. To understand and mitigate better the possible impacts of specific sound sources, well-calibrated broadband measurements of acoustic received levels must be made in a variety of environments. In late spring 2003 an acoustic calibration study was conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico to obtain broad frequency band measurements of seismic sources used by the R/V Maurice Ewing. Received levels in deep water were lower than anticipated based on modeling, and in shallow water they were higher. For the marine mammals of greatest concern (beaked whales) the 1 – 20 kHz frequency range is considered particularly significant [National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and U. S. Navy, 2001; Frantzis et al., 2002]. 1/3-octave measurements show received levels at 1 kHz are $20– 33 dB (re: 1 mPa) lower than peak levels at 5 – 100 Hz, and decrease an additional $20– 33 dB in the 10– 20 kHz range.