Dissemin is shutting down on January 1st, 2025

Published in

Public Library of Science, PLoS ONE, 7(10), p. e0133898, 2015

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133898

Links

Tools

Export citation

Search in Google Scholar

Disturbances in Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis and Immunological Activity Differentiating between Unipolar and Bipolar Depressive Episodes

Journal article published in 2015 by Karlijn Becking 1☯, Karlijn Becking, Annet T. Spijker, Erik Hoencamp, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Robert A. Schoevers 1☯, Robert A. Schoevers ORCID, Lynn Boschloo
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

Full text: Download

Green circle
Preprint: archiving allowed
Upload
Green circle
Postprint: archiving allowed
Upload
Green circle
Published version: archiving allowed
Upload
Policy details
Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

Differentiating bipolar depression (BD) from unipolar depression (UD) is difficult in clinical practice and, consequently, accurate recognition of BD can take as long as nine years. Research has therefore focused on the discriminatory capacities of biomarkers, such as markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis or immunological activity. However, no previous study included assessments of both systems, which is problematic as they may influence each other. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether cortisol indicators and inflammatory markers were a) independently associated with and/or b) showed effect modification in relation to a lifetime (hypo)manic episode in a large sample of depressed patients.