Alzheimer's Disease primarily affects the elderly and, since no effective treatments exist to halt or slow disease progression, predicted increases in longevity over the coming decades may result in significant disease and care-related burdens on China's population and economy. Whilst most previous studies of Alzheimer's Disease focus on health sector costs, this comprehensive assessment captures both health and whole-economy impacts, and highlights the benefits of investment in effective interventions, without which Alzheimer's Disease prevalence in China may quadruple by 2050, and related costs may accumulate to equate China's 2012 GDP, and grow to exceed US$1 trillion per year in real terms.