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Remote-controlled robotic platform for electrochemical determination of water contaminated by heavy metal ions

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Preprint: policy unknown
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Abstract

The aim of our study was to equip a remote-controlled robotic platform (ORPHEUS-HOPE) with electrochemical system for fast detection of heavy metal ions in water. The platform contains two cameras-one pan/tilt color camera with both manual and automatic parameter settings, and one rigid high resolution color camera for precise vision and zooms to screen printed electrodes at the end of the manipulator. The maximum payload at the end of the manipulator is 0.85 kg. Screen printed electrodes consist with working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and auxiliary electrode (AE).WE electrode (carbon paste) was designed to be as large as possible (in this case geometrically comparable with the diameter of the 3 mm glassy carbon electrode with working area of 7.1 mm2), RE (Ag/AgCl paste) 1.3 mm2 and AE (platinum paste) 6.2 mm2. The analytical parameters of differential pulse voltammetry for remote heavy metals detection (conditional time, step potential, deposition time and temperature) were optimized in this work. Application of robotic platform ORPHEUS-HOPE allowed us to analyze water samples spiked with heavy metal ions in linear ranges as follows:0.8-50 μg.mL-1 in case of Pb(II), 0.04-13 μg.mL-1 in case of Cu(II), 0.2-50 μg.mL-1 Zn(II) and 0.02-25 μg.mL-1 Cd(II). ORPHEUS-HOPE might be helpful for in situ analyzes in environment, possessing conditions incompatible with human presence, such as these after environmental catastrophes.