This review discusses the techniques of microcolumn liquid chromatography (μ-LC), column characterization, chromatography dilution effects and extracolumn band broadening. Recent progress in column technology, the demands for instrumentation and accessories of μ-LC are also reviewed, especially the microfluidic pumping and detection. The hyphenation technique of μ-LC with other techniques, such as multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry is also reviewed.