New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious and parasitic disease caused by protozoan species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the biteoffemaleinsects of the genus Lutzomyia and is endemic in some countries of the New World, including Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. The diagnosis of New World mucocutaneous leishmaniasis encompasses epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects. Usually, the combination of some of these elements is necessary for the final diagnosis. Oral lesions of leishmaniasis can be challenging to diagnose and represent a complication to the overall health of the individual. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented multiple lesions in the soft palate, upper and lower lips. So, we highlight the important role of the dentist in the diagnosis of oral leishmaniasis lesions, which are uncommon and can be confused with other diseases, thus contributing to the identification and appropriate treatment of cases, especially in geographical regions where the parasite is endemic. © 2014 The Manuel Antonio Gordón-Núñez, Stefânia Jeronimo Ferreira, Ana Luiza Dias Leite de Andrade, Kléber Giovanni Luz, Eveline Pipolomilan and Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão.