Despite the occurrence of several diseases in cassava, black root rot (CBR) represents one of the main limiting factor for crop rentability in the world. However, the etiology of CBR is complex and needs to be revised based on current molecular analysis. In this work, molecular and morphological studies allowed for the identifiation of three species of Botryosphaeriaceae: Lasiodiplodia euphorbicola, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and Neoscytalidium hyalinum causing black root rot disease of cassava in the states of Maranhão and Paraíba, Brazil. This is the fist report of these three fungal species as causal agents of CBR in the world.