Full text: Download
Mid-and far-infrared spectra from the Composite InfraRed Spectrometer (CIRS) have been used to determine volume mixing ratios of nitriles in Titan's atmosphere. HCN, HC 3 N, C 2 H 2 , and temperature were derived from 2.5 cm −1 spectral resolution mid-IR mapping sequences taken during three flybys, which provide almost complete global coverage of Titan for latitudes south of 60 • N. Three 0.5 cm −1 spectral resolution far-IR observations were used to retrieve C 2 N 2 and act as a check on the mid-IR results for HCN. Contribution functions peak at around 0.5–5 mbar for temperature and 0.1–10 mbar for the chemical species, well into the stratosphere. The retrieved mixing ratios of HCN, HC 3 N, and C 2 N 2 show a marked increase in abundance towards the north, whereas C 2 H 2 remains relatively constant. Variations with longitude were much smaller and are consistent with high zonal wind speeds. For 90 • –20 • S the retrieved HCN abundance is fairly constant with a volume mixing ratio of around 1 × 10 −7 at 3 mbar. More northerly latitudes indicate a steady increase, reaching around 4 × 10 −7 at 60 • N, where the data coverage stops. This variation is consistent with previous measurements and suggests subsidence over the northern (winter) pole at approximately 2 × 10 −4 m s −1 . HC 3 N displays a very sharp increase towards the north pole, where it has a mixing ratio of around 4 × 10 −8 at 60 • N at the 0.1-mbar level. The difference in gradient for the HCN and HC 3 N latitude variations can be explained by HC 3 N's much shorter photochemical lifetime, which prevents it from mixing with air at lower latitude. It is also consistent with a polar vortex which inhibits mixing of volatile rich air inside the vortex with that at lower latitudes. Only one observation was far enough north to detect significant amounts of C 2 N 2 , giving a value of around 9 × 10 −10 at 50 • N at the 3-mbar level.