Disseminated aspergillosis is very rare in immunocompetent hosts and is typically associated with a poor prognosis. We describe the case of a 66-year-old, immunocompetent man who developed pneumonia, endophthalmitis and probable spondylitis caused by Aspergillus species. The patient was successfully treated with antifungal drugs. We reviewed the English-language literature between 1980 and 2012 for disseminated aspergillosis cases in immunocompetent hosts, using the keywords "dissemin*" and "aspergillo*." Disseminated aspergillosis in immunocompetent hosts is very rare in the literature. However, awareness of possible dissemination of Aspergillus spp. is necessary in patients who have a probable lung lesion and in cases with unusual presentation of a disseminated infection, even if the patient has no risk factors.