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K. Cretaux, Jean Francois Gabalda, Germinal SEYLER, Frederique/D-5518-2011; SILVA, Joecila/B-1478-2014 CPRM; IRD (Project Hidrodinamica Fluvial); CNES (TOSCA project FOAM); CNPq; FINEP The Envisat data were extracted from the CTOH database. GPS field work was funded by CPRM and IRD (Project Hidrodinamica Fluvial) and by CNES (TOSCA project FOAM). The authors thank the students of UEA (Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Brazil) involved in the Research Initiation Program of the RHASA Research Team, who participated to computing the Envisat time series. Their work is part of the CASAM and IHESA projects, respectively funded by CNPq and by FINEP. 1 ELSEVIER SCI LTD OXFORD ADV SPACE RES ; Altimetry is now routinely used to monitor stage variations over rivers, including in the Amazon basin. It is desirable for hydrologic studies to be able to combine altimetry from different satellite missions with other hydrogeodesy datasets such as leveled gauges and watershed topography. One requirement is to accurately determine altimetry bias, which could be different for river studies from the altimetry calibrated for deep ocean or lake applications. In this study, we estimate the bias in the Envisat ranges derived from the ICE-1 waveform retracking, which are nowadays widely used in hydrologic applications. As a reference, we use an extensive dataset of altitudes of gauge zeros measured by GPS collocated at the gauges. The thirty-nine gauges are spread along the major tributaries of the Amazon basin. The methodology consists in jointly modeling the vertical bias and spatial and temporal slope variations between altimetry series located upstream and downstream of each gauge. The resulting bias of the Envisat ICE-1 retracked altimetry over rivers is 1.044 +/- 0.212 m, revealing a significant departure from other Envisat calibrations or from the Jason-2 ICE-1 calibration. (C) 2012 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.