Metallomics is an emerging and promising research field which has attracted more and more attention. However, the term itself might be restrictive. Therefore, the term "ele- mentomics" is suggested to encompass the study of nonmetals as well. In this paper, the ap- plication of state-of-the-art analytical techniques with the capabilities of high-throughput quantification, distribution, speciation, identification, and structural characterization for metallomics and elementomics is critically reviewed. High-throughput quantification of mul- tielements can be achieved by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). High-throughput multielement distribution mapping can be performed by fluorescence-detecting techniques such as synchrotron radiation X-ray flu- orescence (SR-XRF), XRF tomography, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), proton-induced X- ray emission (PIXE), laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS, and ion-detecting-based, secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), while Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microspec- troscopy are excellent tools for molecular mapping. All the techniques for metallome and el- ementome structural characterization are generally low-throughput, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), NMR, and small-angle X-ray spectroscopy (SAXS). If automation of arraying small samples, rapid data collection of multiple low-volume and -concentration samples together with data reduction and analysis are developed, high-throughput techniques will be available and in fact have partially been achieved.