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American Institute of Physics, Applied Physics Letters, 15(90), p. 154101

DOI: 10.1063/1.2720713

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Co location and valence state determination in ferromagnetic ZnO:Co thin films by atom-location-by-channeling-enhanced-microanalysis electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Journal article published in 2007 by Yuzi Liu, Qingyu Xu, Heidemarie Schmidt, Lars Hartmann, Holger Hochmuth, Michael Lorenz ORCID, Marius Grundmann ORCID, Xiaodong Han, Ze Zhang
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

The Co valence state and the location of Co dopant atoms in ZnO:Co thin films revealing anomalous Hall effect below 50 K have been determined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements and atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI), respectively. The method of ALCHEMI-EELS to investigate the dopant in materials was brought. It was used to determine that the intrinsic ferromagnetism in ZnO:Co thin films derives from the +2 Co which substitute for Zn atoms at Zn sites in the ZnO matrix. The divalent Co state in ZnO:Co has been unambiguously proven by modeling the corresponding EELS data.