Macromia splendens is an iconic dragonfly species of the European fauna. Endemic to SouthWest of the continent and recognized as vulnerable in its range, it is one of the species taken into account by the French national action plan for Odonata. In the Midi-Pyrénées administrative region (SouthWestern France), this species was known to reproduce on several rivers: Tarn, Aveyron, Lot and Célé. To improve knowledge of the geographical distribution of this species, targeted surveys were conducted by the Office pour les insectes et leur environnement de Midi-Pyrénées (Opie-MP) in 2012 and 2013, in partnership with the Ligue pour la protection des oiseaux du Tarn (LPO81). One hundred forty exuviae and at least 15 adults were observed during these two years, which demonstrates the presence of the species on several portions of the Lot and Célé rivers and on a significant part of the Aveyron River and its main tributary, the Viaur. The species was found in its classical substitution habitats (dams, including those linked to old mills), but also in a surprising anthropogenic habitat (fishing pond). However, M. splendens could not be found on the Tarn River, between Saint-Rome-de-Tarn and Ambialet, where it was known until 2009