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Elsevier, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, (259), p. 290-307, 2013

DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.03.002

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Evaluation of Redoubt Volcano's sulfur dioxide emissions by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, provided a rare opportunity to compare satellite measure-ments of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with airborne SO 2 measurements by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). Herein we: (1) compare OMI and airborne SO 2 column density values for Redoubt's tropospheric plume, (2) calculate daily SO 2 masses from Mount Redoubt for the first three months of the eruption, (3) develop simple methods to convert daily measured SO 2 masses into emis-sion rates to allow satellite data to be directly integrated with the airborne SO 2 emissions dataset, (4) calcu-late cumulative SO 2 emissions from the eruption, and (5) evaluate OMI as a monitoring tool for high-latitude degassing volcanoes. A linear correlation (R 2 ~ 0.75) is observed between OMI and airborne SO 2 column den-sities. OMI daily SO 2 masses for the sample period ranged from ~ 60.1 kt on 24 March to below detection limit, with an average daily SO 2 mass of ~ 6.7 kt. The highest SO 2 emissions were observed during the initial part of the explosive phase and the emissions exhibited an overall decreasing trend with time. OMI SO 2 emission rates were derived using three methods and compared to airborne measurements. This comparison yields a linear correlation (R 2 ~ 0.82) with OMI-derived emission rates consistently lower than airborne measure-ments. The comparison results suggest that OMI's detection limit for high latitude, springtime conditions var-ies from ~ 2000 to 4000 t/d. Cumulative SO 2 masses calculated from daily OMI data for the sample period are estimated to range from 542 to 615 kt, with approximately half of this SO 2 produced during the explosive phase of the eruption. These cumulative masses are similar in magnitude to those estimated for the 1989–90 Redoubt eruption. Strong correlations between daily OMI SO 2 mass and both tephra mass and acoustic energy during the explosive phase of the eruption suggest that OMI data may be used to infer rela-tive eruption size and explosivity. Further, when used in conjunction with complementary datasets, OMI daily SO 2 masses may be used to help distinguish explosive from effusive activity and identify changes in lava extrusion rates. The results of this study suggest that OMI is a useful volcano monitoring tool to comple-ment airborne measurements, capture explosive SO 2 emissions, and provide high temporal resolution SO 2 emissions data that can be used with interdisciplinary datasets to illuminate volcanic processes.