A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to March 2009 in Wukro Woreda to determine the prevalence of bee lice and other constraints to honey bee production in the area. The result revealed an overall Braula coeca (bee louse) prevalence of 4% in the brood and 5.5% in the adult honey bees, respectively. The prevalence of louse infestation recorded in brood and adult bee of the three peasant associations of Wukro Woreda were, 3.3%, 5% in Genfel, 4.9%, 6% in Adikisandid and 3%, 5%, Aynalem, respectively. There was no statistically significant variation in overall prevalence rates of lice infestation between brood and adult bees and locations (P> 0.05). Factors perceived as major constraints to honeybee production by 51 interviewed farmers were frequent occurrence of drought, lack of bee forage, existence of pests and predators and pesticide poisoning in decreasing order of importance. The beekeepers also listed pests and predators that they considered important to be honey badgers, ant like insects, wax moth, birds, spiders, monkeys, snakes and lizards. According to the response of beekeepers, honey badger attack was a serious problem in the Woreda. This study revealed the presence of real threat to beekeeping and honey production from louse infestation, predators, chemical pollution and drought. The effects of drought, pests and predators on beekeeping practice in the study area need to be minimized with appropriate management practices.