The development of highly active, universal and stable inexpensive electrocatalysts/cocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by morphology and structure modulations remains a great challenge. Herein, a simple self-template strategy was developed to synthesize hollow Co-based bimetallic sulfide (MxCo3-xS4, M=Zn, Ni, Cu) polyhedra with superior HER activity and stability. Homogenous bimetallic metal-organic frameworks are transformed to hollow bimetallic sulfides by solvothermal sulfidation and thermal annealing. Electrochemical measurements and density functional theory computations show that the combination of hollow structure and homo-incorporation of second metal significantly enhances the HER activity of Co3S4. Specifically, the homogenous doping in Co3S4 lattice optimizes the Gibbs free energy for H* adsorption and improves the electrical conductivity. Impressively, hollow Zn0.30Co2.70S4 exhibits electrocatalytic HER activity better than most of the reported nobel-metal-free electrocatalysts over a wide pH range, with overpotentials of 80 mV, 90 mV and 85 mV at 10 mA cm-2, 129 mV, 144 mV and 136 mV at 100 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, 0.1 M phosphate buffer and 1 M KOH, respectively. It also exhibits photocatalytic HER activity comparable to Pt cocatalyst when working with organic photosensitizer (Eosin Y) or semiconductors (TiO2, C3N4). Furthermore, this catalyst shows excellent stability in the electrochemical and photocatalytic reactions. The strategy developed here, i.e. homogenous doping and self-templated hollow structure, provides a way to synthesize transition metal sulfides for catalysis and energy conversion.