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Nature Research, Nature Reviews Cancer, 8(15), p. 509-509, 2015

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3993

Nature Research, Nature Reviews Cancer, 7(15), p. 409-425, 2015

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3958

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The tumour microenvironment after radiotherapy: mechanisms of resistance and recurrence

Journal article published in 2015 by Holly E. Barker ORCID, James T. E. Paget, Aadil A. Khan ORCID, Kevin J. Harrington ORCID
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Radiotherapy plays a central part in curing cancer. For decades, most research on improving treatment outcomes has focused on modulating radiation-induced biological effects on cancer cells. Recently, we have better understood that components within the tumour microenvironment have pivotal roles in determining treatment outcomes. In this Review, we describe vascular, stromal and immunological changes that are induced in the tumour microenvironment by irradiation and discuss how these changes may promote radioresistance and tumour recurrence. We also highlight how this knowledge is guiding the development of new treatment paradigms in which biologically targeted agents will be combined with radiotherapy.