Traditional health and safety performance in construction is assessed based on accessible outcomes such as accidents, injuries, illnesses and diseases. This lagging measurement still exists and is used by many industries since it is preferable for data collection, understandable to the majority, objective and valid. Many researchers are starting to treat the performance assessment in a much more proactive way by taking safety climate and culture into consideration. In current practice, as an indispensable part of safety climate/culture, safety participation level is merely evaluated by passive survey questions like “Have you attended the safety training”, which ignores many invisible participation behaviors like safety knowledge transfer and sharing. What's more, although many traditional safety performance assessments are intended to modify construction workers’ safety behavior, study on personal level safety assessment is still absent.