Porewaters recovered from sediment cores (gravity corers, box corers, and multicorers) from various subrogions of the South Atlantic (Amazon River mouth, equatorial upwelling, Congo River mouth, Benguela coastal upwelling area, and Angola Basin) were investigated geochemically. Objectives included determination of Eh, pH, oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, alkalinity, phosphate, ammonium, fluoride, sulfide, Cal, Mg, Sr, Fe, Mn, and Si, in order to quantify organic matter diagenesis and related mineral precipitation and dissolution processes. Porewater profiles from the eastern upwelling areas of the South Atlantic suggest that sulfate reduction in the deeper parts of the sediment may be attributed mainly to methane oxidation, whereas organic matter degradation by sulfate reduction is restricted to the near-surface sediments. Further, a prominent concentration gradient change of sulfate and related mineralization products occurred typically in the upwelling sediments at a depth of 4 to 8 m, far below the zone of bioturbation or bioirrigation. Because other sedimentological reasons seem to fail as explanations, an early diagenetic sulfide oxidation to sulfate within the anoxic environment is discussed. Porewater profiles from the sediments of the Amazon fan area are mainly influenced by reactions with Fe(III)-phases. The remarkable linearity of the concentration gradients of sulfate supports the idea of distinct reaction layers in these sediments. In contrast to the upwelling sediments, the sulfate gradient develops from the sediment surface to a sulfate reduction zone at a depth of 5.3 m, probably because a reoxidation of sulfide is prevented by the reaction with iron oxides and the formation of iron sulfide minerals.