The intra- and inter-population variation of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus were examined biometrically on the basis of morphological characters of needles, seeds and cones. Cluster analysis of Euclidean distances and discriminant analysis were performed to verify the hypothesis of geographic differentiation and origin from the West- and East-Mediterranean Pleistocene refugial regions. The West-Mediterranean populations of J. oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus differed from the eastern ones. The intra-populational differentiation of three of the West-Mediterranean populations was significantly higher than within the other West- and all the East-Mediterranean ones.Results confirm the hypothesis of probable different origins of the East- and West-Mediterranean populations of the taxon.