We present a multi-modality optical sensing platform employing integrated Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), photodetectors, and filters suitable for portable, real-time analyte detection in aqueous environments. Fluorescence and refractive index sensors designed to utilize visible and near-infrared VCSELs for low background absorption from analyte delivery fluids are described. We demonstrate in vitro fluorescence sensing of Cy5.5 dye with a detection sensitivity of 5 nM and photonic crystal slab refractive index sensing with tunable GaAs-based 670 nm VCSELs. This compact, parallel sensor architecture enables multiplexed, cost-effective on-chip biosensing.